BEO PRE EXAM HISTORY NOTES [ REFRENCE FROM PLASSY TO PARTITION BY S.BANDYOPADHYAY]-1

 A ] DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 

1. MUGHAL  EMPIRE FOUNDED BY ZAHIRUDDIN BABUR IN 1526 AND EXPANDED BY AKBAR.

2.THIS EMPIRE BEGAN TO DECLINE RAPIDLY SINCE THE REIGN OF ITS LAST GREAT  RULER AURANGZEB [1658-1707]

3.SOME HISTORIANS ASCRIBE AURANGZEB 'DIVISION AND RELIGIOUS POLICIES FOR THIS RAPID DECLINE.

4.HIS MILITRY COMPAIGNS AGAINST  BIJAPUR, GOLKUNDA AND MARATHAS BELEIVED TO BE OTHER REASONS.

5.BUT SOME HISTORIANS BELIEVE THAT THE ROOTS OF MUGHAL DECLINE  LAY IN INSTITUTIONS AND ADMINISTRATIONS OF MUGHALS.

6.THE MUGHAL ARMY WAS WEAKNED BECAUSE OF LAMENTABLE DEARTH OF ABLE COMMANDERS.

7. THERE WAS NO MILITRY REFORMS AND NO NEW TECHNOLOGY.

8 WEAKNING OF THE MUGHAL MILITRY POWER WAS RESPOSIBLE FOR INTERNAL UNREST.

9.THE MARATHAS UNDER SHIVAJI CHALLENGED AURANGZEB'S IMPERIAL RULE.

10. AFTER DEATH OF AURANGZEB MARATHA PLUNDERED SUBURBS OF DELHI IN 1738.

11. THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY THE PERSIAN INVASION UNDER NADIR SHAH IN 1783.

12.THAT WAS THE TREMENDOUS BLOW FOR MUGHAL EMPIRE.

13.THE AFGHANS UNDER AHMAD SHAH ABDALI STRUCK BACK TOOK OVER PUNJAB AND SACKED DELHI IN 1756-57.

14. MUGHALS SOUGHT HELP FROM MARATHAS,BUT MARATHAS WERE ALSO DEFEATED BY ABDALI AT THE BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN 1761..

15.A REVOLT IN AFGHANI ARMY  WAS RESPONSIBLE ABDALI TO RETIRE TO AFGHANISTAN.

16.ABDALI INVASION SIGNIFIED THE PASSING OF THE GLORIOUS DAYS OF MUGHAL EMPIRE.